Sanitary Management System- I - For Lecture Purpose

UNIT -4

SANITARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Sanitary Fittings

The fittings or appliance used for collection and discharge of soil or waste matter is termed as sanitary fittings. Different types of sanitary fittings are required in building to perform different type of functions. Sanitary fittings are glazed chinaware. The fittings are so designed and shaped that they have non-absorbent surface, which can be cleaned easily.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SANITARY FITTINGS ARE USED IN BUILDINGS:
• Washbasins
• Sink
• Bathtub
• Urinals
• Water closet
• Flushing Cistern

WASH BASIN
A wash basin is usually made of pottery or white glazed earth ware . Sometimes, they are also made of pressed steel or plastic. There are two types of wash basins - the flat back and the angle back. An ordinary wash basin is mounted on brackets fixed on wall. While a pedestal type basin is mounted on pedestal rising from wall. They are available in different shapes and sizes.
Standard sizes for flat back wash basins are:
 630 x 450 mm
 550 x 400 mm
 450 x 300 mm
Standard sizes for angle back wash basins are:
 600 x 480 mm
 400 x 400 mm

TYPES OF WASH BASIN
Corner Basin
Free Standing Pedestal Basin
Wall Hung Basin
Counter Top Basin


Function of Wash Basin:
When selecting a washbasin, you should look at the inside of the washbasin. It should be spacious and have a streamlined shape. This will ensure comfort of use, but also good water drainage, which facilitates cleaning and prevents the formation of stone deposits in bends.

SINK
 A sink is a rectangular basin used in kitchen or laboratory for cleaning utensils, and glass wares. These may be made of glazed Earth ware, stainless steel or enameled pressed steel. The sink has an outlet usually of about 40 mm diameter. The outlet pipe discharges water over a floor trap.

FUNCTION AND SIZES:

The mouth of outlet pipe is provided with grating of bras or nickel so that the entry of coarse solid substances is prevented.
Common sizes of kitchen sinks:
600 x 400 x 150 mm
600 x 450 x 250 mm
750 x 450 x 250 mm
Common sizes for laboratory sinks:
400 x 250 x 150 mm
450 x 300 x 150 mm
600 x 400 x 200 mm

BATH TUB
Bath tubs are usually made of iron or steel coated with enamel, enamelled porcelain or of plastic.
They may be parallel sides or with tapering sides.
The usual dimensions of both tubs are:
Length : 1.7 to 1.85 m
Width : 0.70 to 0.75 m
Depth : 0.6 m

Function & Maintenance:

Make sure you check your cleaners to make sure they are safe for your bathtub. You do not want to damage your tiles or tub with abrasive cleaners that are not meant for the job. Use nonabrasive cleaning products along with hot water and that should be all you need. If you choose natural cleaning agents and deodorizers that will also keep your bathtub and bathroom cleaner and fresh for a longer period of time without causing any damage. Natural cleaners are less expensive to use and they are safer as well. Cleaning the bathtub regularly will help to prevent mildew build up as well as a bathtub ring which can be hard to remove once it is there. It is a good idea to do a deep clean of the bathtub once a week. You can avoid damage to the tub by regularly applying a wax polish. This helps to ensure that water and residue is not staying around in places it should not. Using a wax polish also helps to seal small cracks until you are able to get them fixed. Cracks in tiles can lead to the growth of mildew and it will cause serious illness if left unchecked. Once a year, check for loose or damaged tiles and seal them. This will ensure that water can’t get into the wall cavities and you will avoid damage that can be caused by water seeping in

URINALS

Urinals mostly in use are of two types:
1) Bowl type
2) Stall type
Standard size of these urinals as follows:
Flat back pattern 430*260*350 mm
Angle back pattern 340*430*265 mm

WATER CLOSET (WC)

A water closet is a sanitary fitting which is designed to receive human excreta directly and convey to the septic tank or underground sewer through a trap. It is usually connected to a flushing cistern to flush the closet and discharge the human excrete to the soil pipe.
There are three main types of toilets that you need to look out for:
 Wall Hung toilets
 Close Coupled toilets
 Back To Wall toilets

• Wall hung toilets are pretty self-explanatory; they hang on the wall without the need for a pedestal. The great thing about wall hung toilets is that you can have it installed at the height that you choose (and don’t worry – the frames are incredibly sturdy so your toilet won’t fall off the wall). If you’re short on space, a wall-hung toilet is ideal. These toilets are mounted on the wall, with the tank hidden inside the wall. Therefore, all you see is the bowl and flush plate.  Unlike most conventional toilets, wall-hung toilets don’t only take up less space; they can be placed almost anywhere in the bathroom (as long as it’s near a water source).  Wall-hung toilets are more expensive than traditional toilets and require more repairs. 
• Close coupled toilets are the most popular type of toilet on the market right now. The cistern and pan are connected in one compact unit. Most modern toilets are close coupled.
• Back to wall toilets are very similar to wall hung toilets, apart from the act that they are not suspended from a wall but instead are fixed to the floor. The cistern and pipes are concealed behind the wall or a furniture unit, just like wall hung toilets. Back to wall toilets are perfect if you are looking to save space in a smaller bathroom.

Type of WC on the basis of operation:
 The wash down toilet uses the weight and the gravitational current of the water to push waste from the toilet bowl into the trap way. Due to the fact that a wash down toilet has a short and wide trap way, waste is easily able to enter the trap way with the sheer force of water surging out from the tank.
 A siphonic flush system also known as a gravity flush system uses vacuum to pull waste from the toilet bowl into the trap way. This is done by the shape of the trap way acting as a siphon-High water-level in toilet bowl.